Now That’s What I Call Music, Piracy! Essay

I bought my first CD when I was about 10 years old. My mom had drove me to Target and allowed me to purchase one CD of my choosing; I chose Now 11. I spent what felt like hours scouring the aisles of the store looking for the 11th edition of Now That’s What I Call Music and finally found it on the shelf. I remember being filled with excitement and anticipation as we drove home; I was so anxious to put it into my CD player. I remember the only reason I wanted it was because there was a few rap songs my brother listened to on it. Since my mother didn’t allow me to listen to his music, I knew this was a great way to slide it past her. I will never forget that CD; I listened to it for days on end. As I played the CD, I poured over the insert book, reading the lyrics and singing along. Today if I wanted to own that same Now 11 CD the experience would be entirely different. A few simple searches on the Internet would lead me to various file-sharing websites where I could easi ly download the album for free. Instant gratification. I wouldn’t have to look through aisles, no waiting in line, and no money necessary. This change in technology has done more harm than good to the music industry and the economy. Downloading music, whether legally or illegally, has completely changed the record industry. Consumers seem perfectly content to click their computer mouse a few times and download whatever songs they want at their leisure. It all makes perfect sense; the technology world is changing and we are taking what we are given. Almost everyone has an iPod or some other portable music device and the days of sitting around a stereo and listening to an album from start to finish seem lost forever. Digital downloads are far more convenient than buying physical albums. They don’t take up shelf space in your home and as long as you back up all your files, you don’t need to worry about losing your favorite album. However, common music pirates tend to lack the knowledge of who or how they are affecting. The transition from physical copies of music to digital downloads has made music a commodity in the United States. It seems that music has been completely devalued by this evolution in technology. The excitement of going out to a record store and having to look for a specific album is gone. Virtually everything is available online and whether music fans realize it or not, society has come to take this art form for granted. According to the Record Industry Association of America, â€Å"global music piracy causes $12.5 billion in economic losses every year† (Who). There is no doubt it takes an affect on our $16 trillion plus national debt. This economic loss also affects the employees of record labels with 70,000 lost jobs (Who). With the US unemployment rate currently at 7.9%, it definitely takes a toll on that as well (Databases). Consequently these economic downfalls music piracy is cre ating detracts from revenue that could be spent on finding and promoting new artists and allowing signed artists to record more albums. Losing money to piracy also has a profound effect on working musicians themselves. Artists are now forced to make up a large part of their earnings through licensing their songs to television commercials and shows, touring relentlessly, and selling merchandise. Even with these alternatives to offset the fall in record sales, artists can still struggle to make ends meet. Renting a tour bus and paying for a driver and gas can cost a small music artist almost a $1,000 (Arnold). In 2007, the Boston based band, The Dresden Dolls, told National Public Radio (NPR) Music in an interview that their record contract had them receiving about $1 in royalties for every CD sold, but â€Å"before a band gets to see any of that, it has to sell enough CDs to cover all of the label’s production expenses, which can amount to hundreds of thousands of dollars† (Arnold). Most artists try to dig themselves out of this hole through relentless touring, but even selling tickets comes with a price. Venue and concert promoters take a share out of an artists ticket sales, they even have sound technicians and others workers to pay for too. One could look back on Noah Webster, who is primarily known for his early and influential dictionary; he campaigned in the 1780’s for copyright laws to protect American author’s content (Paulson). He would not have been amused with today’s copyright issues. The printers of the 1780’s were not large corporations. They were small shops making their living largely by stealing the content of books published in Europe (Paulson). What’s so different about music piracy and the music industry today? Webster wanted to make sure his work would not be published without compensation, just like the music industry is trying to do today. The debate over illegal downloading often focuses on technology. Those who defend the unauthorized sharing of music say that critics are living in the past and had better get used to the new reality. But that new reality is taking a toll. â€Å"Over the past decade, America has lost a staggering number of professional songwriters and composers, primarily due to the impact of illegal music downloading,† says Bart Herbison, executive director of the National Songwriters Association. â€Å"Those that remain in the profession are struggling to earn even a minimal income† (Paulson). Most illegally downloaded songs come from major stars and labels, but the food chain surrounding major artists includes struggling songwriters, producers, and musicians trying to get by in a damaged industry. Unauthorized downloading is a global issue, and no one nation will provide a solution, but America’s origins suggest we should care more than most music pirates. It’s not about business models or emerging technology. It’s about living up to what Webster and the first generation of Americans believed. Art should be free, but not necessarily free of charge. Consequently record labels and artists are not taking these losses lightly. In addition to public campaigns against piracy, the record industry has prosecuted numerous people suspected and guilty of downloading music illegally. Most recently The Boston Globe reported that a Boston University graduate student was fined $675,000 in damages for illegally downloading 30 songs and sharing them online (Valencia). That’s a far cry from the $30 he would have paid had he simply bought the songs on iTunes. Yet shockingly some say this graduate student got off lucky. In June of 2009, CNN reported that a 32-year-old Minnesota woman was found guilty of downloading music illegally and ordered to pay $1.9 million dollars for 24 songs (Friend). In the midst of battling online piracy, the record industry is desperately trying to find ways to encourage consumers to buy albums again. In September of this year, Apple announced its newest version of iTunes called iTunes LP. This new program will include album artwork, photos, lyrics, and videos as part of an album purchase, in effect recreating the physical album experience (Apple). The company hopes that by offering these extra incentives to consumers, people will be more likely to spend their money on music as opposed to sharing files with each other. Some may wonder what caused this digital music war; I say it could be blamed on Napster, invented by Shawn Fanning in 1999. Napster was a peer-to-peer file sharing program that bas â€Å"let the cat out of the bag† by allowing digital music to be accessed by virtually anyone for free. However on March 5th, 2001, Fanning and Napster were sued and prevented from sharing their copyrighted music. Not long after that came LimeWire, started by Mark Gorton in 2000. It was another free peer-to-peer file sharing program that expanded on what Napster created. Finally on May 12th, 2011, the Recording Industry Association of America announced its $105 million case settlement with major recording companies (Sisario). In the lawsuit, the labels identified â€Å"more than 9,000 recordings made since 1972 that had been traded on LimeWire without permission and sought damages of up to $150,000 for each song† (Sisario). Although the $105 million settlement is far from the $1.4 billion the labels had sought as a maximum penalty, the companies are hoping that the case will restrain further piracy since Mr. Gorton, a former Wall Street trader with millions in personal assets, also faced liability (Sisario). Fortunately there are a few music programs like Spotify and Pandora that are doing their best to combat music piracy. Pandora launched in 2000 but has since become increasingly popular today. With Pandora you can create up to 100 personal radio stations that play the music you like with advertisements in between every couple songs. It has over 150 million registered users today (Sasario). Spotify is a music-based streaming service that is based out of Sweden since 2009. It just opened in the US in July 2012. They offer users unlimited music for little (or no) money. Pay just $10 per month – the cost of a single album – and you can literally play music non-stop on your computer or mobile device. Don’t want to pay? No problem. Spotify has various options (depending on whether you’re in the US or Europe) for getting at least some music for free (Couts). Not only that, but you get to choose from Spotify’s catalog of 15 million songs (Couts). In Sweden, since 2009 when Spotify debuted, music piracy has dropped 25 percent. Including 9 percent alone this last year (Couts). There is no actual way to tell if it’ll do the same in the US, only time will tell. It’s hard to argue that we won’t see similar decreases in piracy if Spotify keeps the popularity it has today. Although Pandora and Spotify rake in millions of dollars there is one thing that keeps them from gaining money: the cost of music royalties. Pandora, who just went public last summer, â€Å"has never had a profitable year†, and in its most recently reported quarter lost $20 million on $81 million in revenue. Spotify’s accounts for the last year, recently filed in Luxembourg, show that it lost $57 million in 2011, despite a big increase in revenue, to $236 million (Sasario). With artists and labels hit hard by declining sales over the last decade, it’s hard to argue for lower royalty rates. It’s fair to say that the graveyard of failed digital services, and the financial struggles of Pandora and Spotify show that the music industry hasn’t yet figured out the balance between licensing costs and how much money a digital service can make. Altogether the music industry will never fully be rid of music piracy. Will music piracy destroy the economic wellbeing of the music industry? Only time will tell. People will continue to burn CDs and share music with one another, and file-sharing websites will probably always exist. I believe the best way to combat piracy is to keep consumers informed about the consequences of downloading music illegally, not only for the record companies but for everyone working in the music industry. The next time you consider downloading music from a file sharing website or giving a CD of yours to a friend, consider this: is 99 cents per song really too much to ask for all the months of labor musicians, producers, engineers, and record labels put into creating an album for you? If you still feel it is, I hope you plan on spending $40 on concert tickets sometime soon. Works Cited â€Å"Apple – ITunes – ITunes LP and ITunes Extras.† Apple – ITunes – ITunes LP and ITunes Extras. Apple Inc., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. Arnold, Chris. â€Å"Band Tries to Make It Big Without Going Broke.† NPR. NPR, 17 Jan. 2007. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. Couts, Andrew. â€Å"Spotify Linked to Major Decline in Music Piracy.† Digital Trends. N.p., 29 Sept. 2011. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject.† Bureau of Labor Statistics Data. United States Department of Labor, Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. Friend, Elianne. â€Å"Woman Fined to Tune of $1.9 Million for Illegal Downloads.† CNN. Cable News Network, 18 June 2009. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. Paulson, Ken. â€Å"First Amendment Center.† Real Cost of ‘free’ Downloads. USA Today, 21 Aug. 2012. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. Sisario, Ben. â€Å"Major Record Labels Settle Suit With LimeWire.† Media Decoder Blog. The New York Times, 12 May 2011. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. Sisario, Ben. â€Å"Pandora and Spotify Rake In the Money and Then Send It Off in Royalties.† Media Decoder Blog. The New York Times, 24 Aug. 2012. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. Valencia, Milton J. â€Å"Supreme Court Refuses to Hear Music Downloading Appeal.† BostonGlobe.com. N.p., 22 May 2012. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Who Music Theft Hurts.† Http://www.riaa.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012.

Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

Placing a cigarette between his lips, he struck a match, inhaled smoke, and hurriedly put out the light. Almost immediately a bullet flattened itself against the parapet of the roof. This scene is from â€Å"The Sniper,† a story that is suspenseful throughout. Another story that is suspenseful throughout is â€Å"The Most Dangerous Games.† â€Å"The Most Dangerous Games† and â€Å"The Sniper† have many similarities and much differences such as the authors of the stories who are from different parts of the world, but write using a similar setting, plot, theme, and characters that overcome adversity. Richard Connell, the author of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Games,† and Liam O’Flaherty, the author of â€Å"The Sniper,† have many similarities and many differences, such as where they were born, when they started writing and what they wrote. Liam O’Flaherty was born on one of the Aran Islands in 1896; on the other hand Richard Connell w as born in 1893. Both of them were born in the 1890’s. Richard Connell started to write when he was 10 years old. To contrast, O’Flaherty wrote his first novel in 1923 so when he was 27. O’Flaherty had originally planned on being a Roman Catholic priest. Unlike O’Flaherty, Connell started to write when he was a child. Richard Connell is American; O’Flaherty is an Irish author. The authors might be from different parts of the world, but they have many similarities. There are many differences and similarities between â€Å"The Most Dangerous Games† and â€Å"The Sniper,† such as the setting, the plot, and the theme. Richard Connell and Liam O’Flaherty both write about the consequences of killing people. Some differences in the theme are that O’Flaherty presents the character as a fanatic which ends up getting someone he loves killed. On the other hand, Richard Connell presents a character with wicked uncanny thoughts of killing humans as a game, with the theme of killing others which eventually gets you killed. The setting in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Games† is on a remote island. In contrast, â€Å"The Sniper† takes place in the city of Dublin, Ireland. They both take place in the 20th century, and both take place outdoors. Both plots have suspense throughout the whole story. â€Å"Zarroff,† a main character o f â€Å"The Most Dangerous Games,† and the â€Å"sniper† of â€Å"The Sniper† have many similarities and many differences, such as their war history, and why and how they killed. Zarroff is Russian and fought in the Russian Revolution.

Prepare for a job interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prepare for a job interview - Essay Example It is best to show up in business attire. Colors should be light and decent. It is best to wear shades of white, black, blue and grey. The candidate should not consume a heavy meal prior to interview, though a light snack is obviously recommendable. The candidate should try to assess the field specific questions he may be asked, and have answers ready for them. Also, the candidate should do a bit of research on the company (All Business, 2011). This practice raises the confidence level of the candidate. During interview, the candidate should try not to speak wrong about a concept if the concept is unfamiliar. A â€Å"sorry† is better than saying something that does not make sense. The candidate’s confidence is extremely important for an interview, and that should be displayed anyway. Finally, the candidate should maintain a nice and decent tone throughout the interview. References: All Business. (2011). Ten Tips on Preparing for a Job Interview. Retrieved from http://ww w.allbusiness.com/human-resources/careers-job-interview/11120-1.html. Pollick, M. (2010). How can I Prepare for a Job Interview? Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/how-can-i-prepare-for-a-job-interview.htm.

Sourcing and supply chain strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sourcing and supply chain strategy - Essay Example Often, strategies that have been already tested in practice are preferred, as they can ensure the limitation of risks involved. Similar approaches are used in modern organizations when having to manage organizational sources. In this case, two different concepts appear: the sourcing strategy and the supply chain strategy. The above two frameworks, even if they seem identical, they refer to different organizational needs. Of course, as all organizational strategies, the outsourcing strategy and the supply chain strategy have a common target: to provide to the organization a competitive advantage towards its rivals (Weele 2009). The relationship between the sourcing strategy and the supply strategy is explored in this study. Reference is made to the elements of these strategies, their requirements and their key processes. Particular emphasis is given on the parts of supply chain strategy, since the particular strategy is extensively used in modern organizations, having the power to sig nificantly support organizational growth. At this point the following issue should be highlighted: the literature published in the particular field promotes different approaches for explaining the role and the structure of the outsourcing strategy and the supply chain strategy. ... Then, the processes of each of the above strategy would be analysed using appropriate theories and examples so that the value and the implications of both these strategies to be made clear. 2.1.1 Sourcing strategy The sourcing strategy, as the supply chain strategy, focuses on specific organizational needs. Patel (2005) note that ‘the sourcing strategy defines who will fulfil various parts of the objectives as defined by the business strategy’ (Patel 2005, p.43). At the next level, ‘the activity to which the above objectives are related can be a project or a process’ (Patel 2005, p.43). Thus, the role of outsourcing with modern organizations is quite specific: to respond to the needs of particular organizational initiatives, other internal or external, which have to be developed within a short or a long period of time. From a similar point of view, Philippart et al. (2005) noted that the outsourcing strategy is used when having ‘to identify the strateg ies which will be used for sourcing the appropriate products and services’ (Philippart 2005, p.118). The potential role of outsourcing as one of the key business strategies is made clear through the following example: IBM and Dell, key competitors in the global electronics industry, have significantly decreased their costs by using outsourcing in regard ‘to their key commodities, such as memories and hard disks’ (Philippart et al 2005, p.118). In other words, if it is appropriately planned, outsourcing can help to the improvement of cost control in modern organizations, supporting the standardization of organizational performance. In 2010, Walmart introduced a new sourcing strategy based on the following

NASA risk management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NASA risk management analysis - Essay Example The weaknesses clearly indicated in the RIDM process flowchart include understanding the stakeholders’ expectations. In any organization, the number of stakeholders and their expectations can be uniquely different, thus causing a major collusion of defining their overall expectations. This will make it even harder to make a performance measurement analysis, therefore, creating yet another reason to start the first step again. Starting again from step one will require the usage of resources both material and financial and an extension of the time difference created will need to be either replaced or induced into an overtime system. Another weakness is if the imposed constraints are altered in the midst of evaluating the performance of the proposed decisions. If the imposed constraints are altered, then the entire research will need to begin from the first step in order to cover all areas of identifying risks and opportunities. Qualitative measures define the manner in which reports of the performance measures are presented in a constructed scale (NASA, 2011). When it comes to the representation of data from the RIDM process of the performance measures stage, the information will not contain any numerical information. Every detail will be presented in constructed scale that project the rank terms. This type of data presentation requires professional quality analysis skills to interpret the information and make it much easier for everyone to understand it. Technology readiness level is one example of a parameter that measures quality performance. The main challenge in using quality measures is that there are too much articulated content in the reports when the public who will review it would much rather have a summary of it to save up on the time spent reviewing it. This can even influence the lack of review of this information that is paramount while conducting the RIDM procedure. Due to the complexity of the information presented, the skills

Applied paramedic practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applied paramedic practice - Assignment Example 2. For my personal development so far, I feel that my skills of taking a patient’s history and performing a physical examination are better than I previously was able to do. Part of this success is due to repetition--doing the same task over and over again. Also, I have improved with the reassessment of vital signs and interventions to see if I have used appropriate treatment of I have need to correct a mistake. 3. My experience of the past weeks has shown that there are some problems that I need to address. I can do so by improve my knowledge and skills in certain areas. I used to struggle with some of the knowledge, but I have been determined to make improvements so that I can achieve all of my objectives for this course. I still have a lot to learn, but I hope that by the end of this course I will be able to identify all of my strengths and weaknesses so that I know what I need to work on. 4. There are some new goals that I want to achieve in the short term. Over the next few weeks, I would like to focus on the pathophysiology principle so that I can improve my assessment skills. This is really important to me because it will help show where I am academically right now. Also, I want to be able to identify ECG and all of the paramedic drugs. These skills will come in handy in the future. 5. The applied paramedic practice topic is a comprehensive approach to everything that we have learned over the last three years. The integration of the areas of the curriculum helps me to assess patients and prescribe them with the right type of treatment. This is not only beneficial from the patient’s point of view, but it also gives me confidence because I understand what I am

Constructivism in the Classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Constructivism in the Classroom - Essay Example Constructivism has been defined by researchers and educators in numerous ways. With a history that can be traced to the days of Socrates, Constructivism has become an important learning technique for all students. Jacqueline Grennon Brooks in her book Concept to Classroom Interviews (1999) states that ‘as long as there were people asking each other questions, we have had constructivist classrooms. Constructivism, the study of learning, is about how we all make sense of our world, and that really hasn’t changed’. ‘The concept of constructivism has roots in classical antiquity, going back to Socrates’s dialogues with his followers, in which he asked directed questions that led his students to realize for themselves the weaknesses in their thinking. The Socratic dialogue is still an important tool in the way constructivist educators assess their students’ learning and plan new learning experiences†¦ in this century, Jean Piaget and John Dewey developed theories of childhood development and education, what we now call Progressive Education, that led to the evolution of constructivism. According to William J. Matthews, a professor in the School Psychology Program of the School of Education at the University of Massachusetts, ‘there are numerous variations and definitions of post-modernist thought of which constructivism is a subset (e.g. , radical constructivism, social constructivism, and deconstructivism). However, Piagetian constructivism is a subset of a larger historical challenge to modernist notions. of objective reality in general and the use of empirically validated methods of teaching specifically'. As Jacqueline Grennon Brooks and Martin G. Brooks state, 'Constructivism is basically a theory - based on observation and scientific study - about how people learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. When we encounter something new, we have to reconcile it with our previous ideas and experience, maybe changing what we believe or maybe discarding the new information as irrelevant. In any case, we are active

The relation of the Gross Domestic Product to economic welfare Essay

The relation of the Gross Domestic Product to economic welfare - Essay Example The Gross Domestic Product is a specific measure of a country’s national output and provides a basic idea of how well-off a country is, compared with other countries. Moreover, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the most commonly used benchmark of national income. Introduction The GDP reports how much money was made in a given economy over a given period of time. The figures are "gross" because GDP does not allow for the depreciation of physical capital. In a sense, the GDP is a gross measure of market activity, of the volume of money changing hands. It does not take into account the desirable and the undesirable transactions in the economy. It does not take into consideration the total costs or gain. The major contributions of the household and volunteer sectors are not included in the computation of the GDP. The economists and policymakers state that raising the rate of growth of gross national product (GNP) and the GDP is the hallmark of economic development. This central dogma of development economics stems from the conviction that the way to economic progress in poor countries lies in increasing the rate at which the industries of that country progresses. The GDP is positively affected by the growth of local markets. The growth of local markets is achieved by changing the incentives for people to remain in long-term relationships. Long-term relationships are supported by social norms which includes reciprocity. Thus, the growth of markets in one set of goods and services can diminish the existing incentives for remaining in long-term relationships that cover transactions in other goods and services. When these incentives diminish, social norms are affected. (The New Statesman) However, if country A has a high GDP figure relative to country B, it does not necessarily mean that country is A is automatically better off. We have to look at their GDP figures closely. Some countries which have a high GDP are really high-performing economies. Take for example Luxembourgs. Luxembourg's GDP per head can be attributed to 90,000 citizens who go to certain parts of Europe such as Germany, France, Belgium and the Netherlands daily to work in the financial services sector. These workers were included in Luxembourg's population of 450,000. If they were added to this number, then the country's overall GDP per head would be smaller, but still among the top ranking countries in the OECD. China has also overtaken many European countries in terms of GDP figures. For example, China had overtaken Italy as the world's sixth-largest economy in 2004, and has overtaken France and the United Kingdom by the end of 2005. Growth rates in developed countries are just a fraction of thosed experienced in China: 3-4 percent for the US and 2-3 percent for Japan and Europe, against at least 8 percent for China. (Business Asia, March 2006). The effective marketing strategy of Chinese companies, private and public in China have added to their considerable profits and growth. (Lewis, et.al., 2006). However, in terms of quality of life and environmental safety levels, these European countries definitely have a higher quality of life and environmental levels compared to China. Thus, it is does not automatically mean that if a country has a high GDP then it is better off compared to another country with a lower GDP level. Niger has a GDP of 12.36 billion dollars in 2006. But upon close examination, it is just one of the poorest countries in the world, ranking last on the United Nations Human Development Index. In real figures, Niger's GDP looks huge. But upon closer examination, its economy is based on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Traditional subsistence farming, herding,

Professional Development in the Early Reading First Essay

Professional Development in the Early Reading First - Essay Example In particular, the teachers in the treatment group gave a specific response to implementing, modifying and extending the PD program. Rochelle and McGee (2011, p. 167) revealed that the treatment group achieved a mean score of 93.8 compared to the control group mean score of 82.3. Further, 67% of students belonging to the treatment group met the Government Performance Reporting Act guidelines of achieving a language rating of at least 85 compared to only 40% for the control group (Dail and McGee, 2011, p. 167). Summarizing the results of their experience as project directors, Dial and McGee (2011, p. 168) concluded that a PD approach in reading is associated with success. Carlisle et al. (2011) compared three models of professional development (PD) in reading among first grades and concluded that supporting teacher through seminars, evaluation, and coaching work best in leading teachers towards effective instructions among first graders. In the process of sharing their results, the au thors pointed out that professional development in reading is the best means of improving teachers’ competence in content areas that result into an improvement of instructions (Carlisle et al., 2011, p. 13). According to the authors, effective professional development in reading is characterized by deep subject matter knowledge as well as knowledge on how students learn content, commitment, course coherence and integration, participation and active learning, and institutional and professional support (Carlisle et al., 2011, p. 214). The authors cited several cases that indicate that reading instructions are successful if a professional development approach is used. For instance, according to the authors, the PD initiative among 17 poverty and low-achieving schools in Washington and Houston as carried by B. Foorman and L. Moats has been considered by the authors as very successful. One important argument forwarded by Carlisle et al. (2011, p. 230) is that PD is successful beca use teachers respond well to the approach. In a commissioned study in 2005-06, one of the research questions which the U.S. Department of Education was to find out the effects of professional development on student reading achievement (NCEERA or National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, 2009, p. 1). The study employed an experimental design in testing the effectiveness of professional development interventions in over 90 schools in six districts involving 270 teachers and 5,500 students (p. 1). The schools were randomly and equally assigned to an institute group, institute plus coaching group, and a control which received the usual professional development implemented in the district (NCEERA, 2009, p. 1). Some of the key findings of the commissioned research are as follows. First, teachers who were randomly assigned to avail professional development form institutes scored significantly higher on teachers’ knowledge compared with those in the control gr oup.  

Dealing with the cold weather in toronto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dealing with the cold weather in toronto - Essay Example However, like all other cities in Canada, Toronto experiences some really cold spells every year. The cold weather is especially common throughout winter when temperatures periodically hit below the freezing point. As a result, residents have developed several suitable ways of dealing with the unpleasant weather that rocks the city, especially during the usual cold months. But, is the cold really an inhibitor of anything? Should anyone worry that the cold season is finally here? These questions can be easily answered by capturing the moods of the residents of the city during the times of extreme cold. The problem of cold weather not only creates fear among residents of Toronto, it also demotivates workers and school-going children who have to constantly brave through the freezing cold to their respective places of work and schooling. Residents have had to try many different ways to overcome the menace. However, the cold season perpetually presents tough times for families; what with contending with waking up unwilling children and later send them off to school in the snowy weather; waking up as a worker and realizing that you have to brave the cold one more day in order to make some few more pennies; and the manager’s impatient wait for late staffs still shaking off their blankets and riding slowly along the foggy roads before they can finally make it to the place of work? Well, reflecting upon the effects that the cold season has on the residents clearly tells you that it is a big problem among the people, and a solution to it is paramount to their happiness and comfort a s they attempt to endure any cold spell. After all, residents here have to put up with temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. Some of the regularly ways advocated as effective in beating the cold weather have been with us for centuries. As a precaution, the residents of Ontario have adapted to preparing in time for upcoming cold spells. One of the most effective

The Bet Essay Example for Free

The Bet Essay In the story â€Å"The Bet† by Anton Chekhov, the lawyer and the banker make a bet, which is better solution capital punishment or life imprisonment. The banker then bet two million dollars that the lawyer would not stand five years in a room alone with no means of communication except through a small hole, but the lawyer said he would stay in the room for fifteen years and with that, they closed the bet. For fifteen years, the lawyer stayed in the room reading and learning new things and on the last night before the day he retakes his freedom and his two million dollars, the banker tries to sabotage the lawyer by trying to kill him. However, after reading the letter that the lawyer wrote he stopped and cried. The next morning, five minutes before the bet was over the lawyer ran away and lost the bet and the banker kept the letter that the lawyer wrote and locked it in his safe. The author Anton Chekhov talked about the moral value of human life and the consequences it bears, such as capital punishment and life imprisonment. When the banker and the lawyer argued about what punishment is better, it showed how they do not take the value of human life seriously. This led them to make the bet. The author then presents a form of foreshadowing. When he wrote life imprisonment, it showed what happens to one of them and it did. The bet was that the lawyer should stay confined in room for fifteen years and it similar to life imprisonment because the lawyer would feel the same way a prisoner would feel living his life in prison. The story gives you unexpected ending because of what the lawyer decided to do in the end. The banker who can be described as an over-excited, arrogant man started to put up the bet against the lawyer. The author shows that the banker is conceited that he was sure that he could get the better of the lawyer, however the story does not end that way. Anton Chekhov showed the weak side of the banker, which is that he, would not be able to accept if the lawyer won the bet. This quote, The only escape from bankruptcy and disgrace is that the man should die, clearly shows the cowardly trait of the banker because with his desperation of winning, he would go in so much trouble to kill the lawyer just so he would not lose his money. In addition, this concludes that his self-value of the moral value of human life have reached their all time low.

Laser beam welding

Laser beam welding Introduction: Laser Beam Welding â€Å"LBW† is a contemporary welding process that is a high energy beam that continues to expand into new industries and new applications because of its advantages like deep welding and reduced heat inputs. Profound Manufacturers sought to automate the welding process caused the expansion of the laser beam welding process to include computers and more sophisticated technology to increase the product quality and more accurate control of the welding process. From More than 20 years ago, when laser welding was in its early life was used primarily for bizarre applications where no other welding process would be suitable. Nowadays, laser welding is an imperative part of the metal toil industry. How It Works: The Focal point is aimed on the work piece surface that will be welded. At the surface the large concentration of light energy is converted into thermal energy. The surface of the work piece starts melting and steps forward through it by surface conductance. For welding process, the beam energy is maintained below the vaporization temperature of the material. In Fig. 1 the laser beam is directed on the work piece. â€Å"To the point that the laser beam contacts the work piece, all the components that direct it are transparent, refractive or reflective, absorbing only small amounts of energy from the ultraviolet light.† The laser power supply is capable of delivering a pulse of light that has accurate and repeatable energy and duration. When the pulse of laser energy is focused into a small spot at the surface of the work piece, the energy density becomes enormous. The light is engrossed by the work piece, causing a keyhole effect as the focused beam drills into, vaporizes and melts some of the metal. As described in fig. 2. As the pulse ends, the liquefied metal around the keyhole flows back in, solidifying and creating a small spot weld, moving the work piece or the laser emitter along the surface of the work piece creates a series or spot weld that is called a â€Å"seam†. Similarities And Differences To Other Welding Processes When compared to other welding processes, laser welding has some similar as well as some unique characteristics Like GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding), laser welding is a fusion process performed under inert cover gas, where filler material is most times not added. Like electron beam welding, Laser welding is a high energy density beam process, where energy is targeted directly on the workpiece. Laser differs from both GTAW and EB (electron beam) welding in that it does not require that the workpiece complete an electrical circuit. And since electron beam welding must be performed inside a vacuum chamber, laser welding can almost always offer a cost advantage over EB in both tooling and production pricing. Advantages Of Laser Welding One of the largest advantages that pulsed laser welding offers is the minimal amount of heat that is added during processing. The repeated pulsing of the beam allows for cooling between each spot weld, resulting in a very small heat affected zone. This makes laser welding ideal for thin sections or products that require welding near electronics or glass-to-metal seals. Low heat input, combined with an optical (not electrical) process, also means greater flexibility in tooling design and materials. Industries Served: 1- Aerospace. 2- Defense/military. 3- Electronics. 4- Research development. 5- Medical. 6- Sensors instrumentation. 7- Petrochemical refining. 8- Communications energy. Laser Safety â€Å"Lasers emit a very concentrated beam that can be visible or invisible. In general, most lasers used for welding are invisible. This beam of infrared light could focus onto the skin or eye unless safety precautions are observed. Industrial laser systems are fully interlocked to prevent any danger to operators. Most are equipped with National Center for Devices and Radiological Health covers that contain the actual laser operation, permitting people working nearby to perform normally.† With proper design and careful precautions, laser systems are no more dangerous than other welding systems or similar machine tools.

Leadership styles example: Virgin

Leadership styles example: Virgin The term leadership can be defined as â€Å"influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts towards goal setting and goal achievement (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004, p.716). Leadership styles for that reason acts as a mean of motivation since employees are working collectively with management through delegation and empowerment. Consequently, ways in which employees are managed have an effect on their ability, motivation and attentiveness. Motivation is thus defined as â€Å"wanting to do something or wanting to achieve a certain result (Thompson and Machin, 2003, p.154). In my perception, motivation within a workforce is subsequently valuable given that it helps to increase productivity along with output over a period of time helping to meet business objectives. With reference to Virgin; a multinational company established by Richard Branson, his style of leadership is shown to entail certain characteristics in relation to the question seeing â€Å"all enterprises are linked by the single powerful central image of the founder and the characteristic red livery   (Mullins, 2010, p.37). Styles of management therefore are shown to influence motivation and perceptions within a workforce. Branson style is thus exposed to motivate; even though Virgin pays staff with low salaries, employees within Virgin complete work to a high standard to the extent employees are important projectors of the brand image. The suggestion of visionary, inspirational and participative style can therefore be considered as essential in motivating workforces in achieving their goals and in giving a good corporate reflection. A participative style of leadership is directed towards democratic management whereby managers permit workers to key in views or ideas transversely before making decisions. From experience, this seems essential in motivating depending on the type of organisation, here employees participate in the decision making process and feel part of the progression. According to Billsberry J â€Å"this style can thus lead to better quality decisions which are then more effectively implemented autocratic may stiffly creativity, not use available expertise and fail to establish motivation and commitment   (1996 p.43). Having a sense of entered ideas can add towards job satisfaction and allow management to listen to workers views and ideas. In good judgment, it is seen to enhance and increase motivation as workers enjoy work through a logic sense of contribution which is an intrinsic source of motivation (motivation from inside the individual). In addition, when I was working within a restaurant as a waitress, we were managed in an autocratic route, where everyone was given instructions on what tasks to perform without having any insights on decisions. In my opinion this was fundamental to motivate me as I knew what to do and what was expected of me, whereas the idea of participative would mean I wouldn be motivated as personally I am motivated by factors such as rewards e.g. money. In a situation where crucial decisions needed to be made, for example when lots of customers came in, decisions are made quicker than being participative as this slows down the business through consultation making it inflexible for management and patrons. De-motivation could therefore take place as customers may complain possibly having an impact on employees in the sense jobs aren „ ¢t done well. The reason why workers are motivated then depends on the type of organisation the business is. Within Virgin it could be viewed being participative is appropriate because of the nature of the industry. For instance, management at Virgin Atlantic and their cabin crew are there to be helpful and welcoming, a participative style could motivate as cabin crew are an important feature as well as feeling part of Virgin. Virgin shows aspect of a participative manner seeing that Branson stated â€Å"I have to be good at helping people run the individual businesses, and I have to be willing to step back. The company must be set up so it can continue without me (McDermott, 2010). By stepping back and encouraging participation workers would feel trust is being implemented upon them, effectively this could individually motivate as they feel valued. A sense of involvement also makes employees feel they are contributing to Virgin „ ¢s success. Nevertheless, although ideas are shared, management may not take any form of action to each proposal as workers have diverse views as well as it being difficult to implement all ideas. In planning for the organisational behaviour event (group activity) we had a participative style to which everyone contributed on what we were going to do. This leadership style was good in the sense members coming up with several ideas, during the process however; I felt this caused some minor confusion as during the night part of the group didn „ ¢t turn up, which could be reference to the range of ideas recommended. In improving the event, we should have assigned a leader with more direct control over the group; this for me would have motivated me more as fewer mistakes are made in relation to more control, though other people may prefer a participative style. An early idea on motivation in the 19th century was by Frederick Taylor who â€Å"was a believer in the rational economic concept of motivation workers would be motivated by obtaining the highest possible wages   (Mullins L, 2007, pg.43). An inspirational and visionary style may well be undermined in motivating as Frederick Taylor states workers are only motivated by money and it is a manager „ ¢s job to tell employees what to do. In supporting his judgment Taylor did an experiment with a group of workers linking altered factors with output, drawing up the conclusion money is linked to higher output. In this sense money could be seen as a vital way for motivating; if workers work harder and produce higher production, higher pay would be rewarded as a result, making employees achieve a set target. A participative, visionary and inspirational leadership is thus unessential in motivating workforces as in Taylor „ ¢s observation employees are motivated by monetary rew ards. Incorporating Taylor „ ¢s concept within Virgin could conversely motivate staff, as employees like high pay linked to performance. Except the negative aspect is quality of service may be affected as not all workers are liable to be motivated by money and would want visions along with inspirations to motivate. As a result if workers are unhappy the Virgin brand may be pretentious as Virgin cabin crew are an important projector of the brand image. Although scientific management is viewed as outdated and has been criticised for being too bureaucratic towards workers and the lack of flexibility involved, many organisations still use this as a mean of motivation as workers are motivated by extrinsic factors such as reward, which I personally am motivated by partially. Visionary leadership â€Å"involves having clear goals, being sensitive to stakeholder needs and interests and inspiring them with passion and determination   (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010 p.609). Richard Branson is disputed to have implemented visionary within virgin as he provides goals to employees on what Virgin is accomplishing, Virgin Records and Virgin Atlantic stated â€Å"corporations should put their employees ahead of customers and shareholders to build sustainable businesses   (Rex Mathew 18 November 2005), giving visions that Virgin couldn „ ¢t be successful without its employee, so would motivate as workers feel appreciated and have the visions to work towards their goals. In effect â€Å"visions seem to bring about confidence on the part of employees, confidence that instils in them a belief that they are capable of performing to their full potential   (Bennis and Goldsmith, 1997, p.108). By having clear goals employees feel motivated as they will kn ow what is expected of them as well as what they are capable of. In this sense visions are essential in bringing out the best within employees. According to Nanus â€Å"Vision, if properly selected and implemented, is so energizing that it in effect jump starts the future by calling forth the skills, talents and resources to make it happen   (Robbins, 2003 p.344). When applying idea of visions to my employment, this generally would motivate me as having a sense of direction makes me feel determined to achieve a certain goal set. For example, if my manager gave visions about sense of direction and where they are heading with enthusiasm this would inspire me to work harder to fulfil the satisfaction we may gain by accomplishing something. Just by managers stating their goals and the strategic action to achieve them would be a sense of vision personally. Inspirational in an organisation is a perceived importance as an online journal titled, The Role of Inspirational Leadership in Geographically Dispersed Teams â€Å"the positive relationship between inspirational leadership and individuals commitment to the team and trust in team members was strengthened in teams that were more dispersed suggesting that inspirational leaders are important in all contexts but that their importance is underscored in highly dispersed contexts   (Joshi, A, Lazarova, M. Liao, H, 2009). This illustrates inspirational leadership is vital during motivating as management relationship are strengthen with employees to feel appreciated by the company, making workers work hard in giving something back. In my view, by being motivated workers are more satisfied producing quality services and products which can be demonstrated at Virgin. Furthermore according to a survey conducted by the chartered management institute â€Å"The power to inspire is rated highes t and desirable leadership qualities. The inspirational leader connects with the led, appreciates the capabilities of others and through trust will unlock the power in others   (Mullins 2005 p. 304).In context, inspirational can motivate as when working in a group for my marketing presentation it was the inspirations of the group and the connection that motivated me personally as we had to work together to achieve a fine advertising campaign. Having inspirations from individuals motivated me to work harder as we all strived to achieve a good end result of the advertising campaign giving me self satisfaction. A participative, visionary and inspirational style of leadership isn „ ¢t necessarily essential in motivating, for example a content theory of motivation is Maslow „ ¢s hierarchy of needs; what motivates the individual. Workers need to satisfy their basic physiological needs such as pay and condition, individuals would then work towards each level to gain self satisfaction in the form of motivation. When applying this conjecture to Virgin, the strength of Maslow „ ¢s theory is individuals have basic needs so applies to the majority. In theory, this resonance an effective way to motivate staff within Virgin as employees could fulfil their needs slowly working towards self actualization, for example a cabin crew may work hard to gain promotion. Yet, when applying Maslow „ ¢s theory into practice, it could be a difficult process as different people have diverse needs as well as the theory being too simplistic, which may be hard to apply within an organisa tion. If this presumption was applied to my job, it wouldn „ ¢t really work for me as it isn „ ¢t a job I want to be in for a time period, therefore I wouldn „ ¢t work to self actualization but personally money, as a result, some levels would motivate me in the short term though not in the long term; in future a job that motivates me personally is something of interest to me. In talking about motivation, the human relations theory can be shown to motivate in regard to leadership styles. The human relation theory has its heredity in the Hawthorne study conducted in the late 1920 „ ¢s and into the early 30 „ ¢s by Elton Mayo; employees were now accepted as having social needs and interests, not as being motivated machines visualized by Taylor. The suggestion of â€Å"participative, visionary and inspirational style of leadership is essential to effectively motivate the workforce   can then be deduced as Elton Mayo experiment showed having an interest in workers boosted their motivation level even if it was only changing lighting settings, it also outlines importance of teamwork in an organisation. When applying this theory into Virgin, the repercussion shows employees would be motivated; in the lecture a video was shown when Richard Branson visited his stores which he talks to employees and takes an interest in them, in return employees are more motivated as Virgin pays staff with a low wage, however staff produces work to a high standard to the degree it is a valuable brand name in society. In conclusion, participative, visionary and inspirational is seen to effectively motivate, however because of convolution in different organisations and ways in employees are organised/ managed other methods are shown to motivate as alternatives to leadership styles. If Virgin were to adapt the characteristic as stated, the outcome may be a quantity of employees will perhaps not feel as motivated in comparison as all workers are different. The theories of motivation are thus dissimilar to management in practice; a theory may sound good in principle, but when applying to organisations there will be issues arising such as employees having different needs and because of this are motivated by different aspects. In addition, not all motivation of employees is to be achieved because of dissimilar desires. Businesses therefore need to consider employee motivation as an important process in achieving their objectives. MODULE FEEDBACK FORM Reference list Bennis W and Goldsmith J. (1997) Learning to lead, page 108 Billsberry J (ed.) (1996) The effective manager: perspectives and illustrations, page 43 Buchanan and Huczynski (2004) Organizational behaviour an introductory text, fifth edition, page716 Buchanan and Huczynski (2010) Organizational behaviour, seventh edition, page609 Joshi A, Lazarova M Liao H (2009) Getting Everyone on Board: The Role of Inspirational Leadership in Geographically Dispersed Teams. Organization Science, 20(1), 240-252. [Online]Retrieved from Business Source Complete database, Available from: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1hid=8sid=5fb20d14-bd45-4d39-8de5-204dcc9235f8%40sessionmgr14bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=36606878#db=bthAN=36606878 [Last accessed 5th Nov 2010] Mathew R (2005) Put employees first: Sir Richard Branson. Available: http://www.domain-b.com/people/in_the_news/20051118_richard_branson.html [Last accessed 13th Dec 2010] McDermott, F (ed.) (2010) To be a Leader: lessons from Richard Branson and Jesus Christ. Available: http://mcdermottsmiscellany.blogspot.com/search/label/Richard%20Branson. [Last accessed 4th Nov 2010] Mullins L. (2005) Management and organisational behaviour, seventh edition, page 304 Mullins L. (2007) Management and organisational behaviour, eighth edition, page 43 Mullins L. (2010) Management and organisational behaviour, ninth edition, page 37 Robbins S. (ed.) (2003) Organizational behaviour, tenth edition, page 344 Thompson and Machin (2003) AS business studies, page 154

Of Mice and Men, 3 Characters with Loneliness :: essays research papers

Loneliness is the sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned. John Steinbeck brought up the theme of loneliness in many characters in Of Mice and Men. Crooks, Curley?s wife, and Candy expressed the theme of loneliness in many different forms throughout the story. Early in the novella George said, life working as ranch hands is on the loneliness lives to live, for these people finding friendship seems to be impossible. Crooks expressed feelings of loneliness through out Of Mice and Men. Crooks? loneliness is caused because he is black, at the time the story took place there was racism. Since Crooks is black he wasn?t able to socialize with the white men. When Steinbeck describes all of Crooks? possessions, it shows that Crooks has been at the ranch a long time and that his possessions are all the he cares about. In Crooks? room, Lennie comes to talk to him. Crooks is cautious at first, this was from the years of racism that Crooks endured, he learned not to associate with white folk. Steinbeck expresses the theme of loneliness in the character of Candy. Candy is lonely because his is missing half an arm. Candy?s disability separates him from society, an example of Curley being set aside is when everybody else goes to town he is left in the barn with Crooks, Lennie, and Curley?s wife. Candy?s only friendship was with his old, smelly dog. Candy?s dog was a symbol of himself (old, and useless). When Carlson kills Candy?s dog he kills Candy on the inside as well. Curley?s wife had the most pathetic and depressing life. Curley?s Wife spent her whole life trying to grab attention. She was always labeled and ignored by everyone on the ranch, an example of this is when George tells Lennie that she was trouble and to stay away from her. Curley?s wife was ignored and used from early on, when she was given false intentions on being a movie star. Of Mice and Men, 3 Characters with Loneliness :: essays research papers Loneliness is the sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned. John Steinbeck brought up the theme of loneliness in many characters in Of Mice and Men. Crooks, Curley?s wife, and Candy expressed the theme of loneliness in many different forms throughout the story. Early in the novella George said, life working as ranch hands is on the loneliness lives to live, for these people finding friendship seems to be impossible. Crooks expressed feelings of loneliness through out Of Mice and Men. Crooks? loneliness is caused because he is black, at the time the story took place there was racism. Since Crooks is black he wasn?t able to socialize with the white men. When Steinbeck describes all of Crooks? possessions, it shows that Crooks has been at the ranch a long time and that his possessions are all the he cares about. In Crooks? room, Lennie comes to talk to him. Crooks is cautious at first, this was from the years of racism that Crooks endured, he learned not to associate with white folk. Steinbeck expresses the theme of loneliness in the character of Candy. Candy is lonely because his is missing half an arm. Candy?s disability separates him from society, an example of Curley being set aside is when everybody else goes to town he is left in the barn with Crooks, Lennie, and Curley?s wife. Candy?s only friendship was with his old, smelly dog. Candy?s dog was a symbol of himself (old, and useless). When Carlson kills Candy?s dog he kills Candy on the inside as well. Curley?s wife had the most pathetic and depressing life. Curley?s Wife spent her whole life trying to grab attention. She was always labeled and ignored by everyone on the ranch, an example of this is when George tells Lennie that she was trouble and to stay away from her. Curley?s wife was ignored and used from early on, when she was given false intentions on being a movie star.

Claudius as Evil in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay -- William Sha

Claudius as Evil in Hamlet by William Shakespeare The abstract concept of evil has vastly transformed throughout human history, ranging for the supernatural and mystical to the very humans amongst whom we live. In modern times, evil has become an entirely ambiguous term. Who is evil? What is evil? Men like Adolph Hitler and Saddam Hussein have been garnered with the term ‘evil’ for their atrocities against fellow humans. Now it seems evil has a solely human significance; when a person violates the individual rights of others on a massive scale, he/she is evil. In Shakespeare’s time – the Elizabethan era – evil had a similar, but somewhat altered connotation in the human mind. Evil was an entity that violated the English Christian monarchial tradition. Therefore, a man such as Claudius, from Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, a cold-blooded murderer and a ruthless manipulator, who uses â€Å"rank† deeds to usurp the thrown is in direct violation with the Elizabethan societal norms, and hence h e is an evil character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Elizabethan era, the royal crown was viewed as divinely touched and hence any action against the crown was an action against God. Claudius dismisses God’s right to control the crown by committing a â€Å"murder most foul† (I.v.27), yet he concedes that â€Å"there’s such divinity doth hedge a king† (IV.v.121). Claudius admits that God influences the monarchy and yet he chooses to violate the divine monarchial progression. Hamlet recognizes Claudius’ evil nature beyond simply the murder of his father; Hamlet sees that Claudius is corrupting all of Denmark. Claudius’ reign is compared to â€Å"an unweeded garden/That grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature/Possess it merely† (I.ii.135-7), his influence causing the destruction of a previously beautiful environment. Claudius’ infectious evil must be eliminated, and Hamlet feels he is the only man who can do anything; he pulls out all the stops and i n the end accomplishes his goal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King Hamlet’s â€Å"foul and most unnatural murder† (I.v.25) tops Claudius’ list of egregious sins, but most of his offenses are psychological rather than physical. Using his mastery of manipulation, Claudius, the â€Å"incestuous† and â€Å"adulterate beast† managed to win â€Å"to his shameful lust the will† of the virtuous queen, Gertrude (I.v.42-6). Gertrude could not be persuaded to switch husbands without a little verbal tricker... ...er it be through direct divine action or controlled action of another; hence, Hamlet crusades against Claudius and eventually triumphs. A trail of bodies lines Hamlet’s path towards vengeance, but Claudius is revealed, the â€Å"yet unknowing world† is told:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How these things came about†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of carnal, bloody and unnatural acts;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of deaths put on by cunning and forced cause;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And, in this upshot, purposes mistook   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fall’n on th’ inventors’ heads.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (V.ii.359-64)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Claudius’ true nature is exposed; his treachery and heresy is fully recounted, and presumably he is sentenced to eternal damnation for his moral infractions. God’s will prevails in a fundamentally Christian tale of murder in the name of self-interest and revenge in the name of justice and morality. Works Cited: Joseph, Bertram. â€Å"The Theme.† Conscience and the King. London: Chatto & Windus, Ltd., 1953. 130-51. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York: W. W. Norton, 1992. Spencer, Theodore. â€Å"Hamlet and the Nature of Reality.† Journal of English Literary History (December, 1938): 253-77.

Independence day Essay

Today we all have gathered here to be witnesses to our 67 prosperous years of Independence. A day so special in the history of India that wouldn’t fail to remind us of the heroic deeds of not just our freedom fighters but the citizens of India. On the eve of Independence our 1st Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru rose to make a speech on Independence Day, â€Å" When the world sleeps, India will wake to life and freedom.† My dear friends , we are the fortunate ones to be able to breathe this air of freedom since the day we were born. Fortunate enough not to go through the hardships and ignominy of slavery under foreign rule. It was indeed a Herculean task to overthrow the powerful giants, the British rulers from the land of our ancestors ,the despotic power that motivated us to fight as one . So my dear friends let not the reminiscence of those scars fade away but may continue to bind us . Today we remember the great leaders who gave their lives for India’s f reedom. Dr.B. R . Ambedkar gave us the longest thoughtful written constitution . Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laboured for an Industrialized India . Gandhi ji taught us Ahimsa . Subhash Chandra Bose induced courage in us. Swami Vivekanand gave us spiritual power and there are many more who continue to inspire us even today. In these past 67 years India has witnessed different realms of success . India took immense pride when we emerged out as the world’s largest democracy, when India bagged the 5th position among 71 nations in the recent Glasgow games, when UNESCO declared our National Anthem as the best anthem and declared six forts of Rajasthan as the world heritage sites. When India was declared to head the BRICS 100 billion dollar New Development Bank for six years, when the WHO declared to grant India a certificate for the eradication of Polio. When a survey declared 36% scientists in NASA as Indians among the world’s top scientists and when ISRO’s PSLV-C21 was successfully launched on the 26th of July 2013. There are innumerable instances which continue to motivate us to think highly of our motherland but there too exists a dark side which should not be overlooked. The freedom for which our freedom fighters fought is still incomplete because there still exists in India a India where caste distinctions still prevail ,which prevent people from enjoying their part in our independent India. Day after day increasing crimes against women put us to shame as they defame not just the victims but their motherland too. There were those golden times when people were selfless, but now people  have crossed heights of selfishness and greed where the life of woman is nothing in front of green currency in the form of dowry. The greed for wealth has increased so much so that people have started robbing their own country. There are people struggling against the bondage of illiteracy , there are places where the light from an electric bulb still remains a dream ,places where people still need to travel miles in search of water, places where the backwardness of superstitious thinking continue to take the lives of innocent people . There are many more cases which are opposing us in our walk towards complete independence and development. It is our duty as the sons and daughters of India to eradicate such insane social evils from our society and make it a better place to live in enjoying their rights to freedom and prosperity. My dear friends, in the end I’d just like to remind you that it’s a blessing to be free and freedom is a blessing. All we need is to keep in mind not to misuse this freedom of ours. With freedom comes responsibilities, with responsibilities come dependence on our brotherly bonds of oneness and when we tread this path of Unity, we attain complete Independence. Our country is a symbol of great diversity in every form and I wish that the feeling of oneness may continue to beat in every Indian heart in our movement the a glorious future.

Fashion in Britain

Manner in Britain London is one of the most influential centres of manner in the universe with the manner hebdomad held twice a twelvemonth in February and September. The British manner scene is extremely regarded and appreciated in the manner universe since it is portion of the alleged E?Big FourE? [ 1 ] . However, such a high rank wouldn?t have been achieved without The British Fashion Council. This establishment was established in 1983 to assist organizing interior decorators, forming manner hebdomads and advancing immature draw a bead oning theoretical accounts, directors and interior decorators. The current president is Natalie Massenet who was appointed to this place in 2013. Britain does everything in its power to maintain and beef up non merely it topographic point at the top but besides the influence it bestows on immature manner lovers. Many of its manner colleges, the most of import and universe famous is surely the London Fashion College, are highly competitory and attract 1000s of appliers from all over the universe every academic twelvemonth. From all of the above mentioned it is non hard to reason that manner is, and ever was, really of import to the British people. We are able to follow it all the manner to the Roman invasion of the British islands in 43 AD. The manner people dressed in the earliest period of the British history before the Roman encroachers does non render itself to the analysis given the fact that merely scarce grounds exists. The preserved artifacts from that period include parts/fragments of vesture and pieces of jewelry. Harmonizing to the vesture found in Gravess, we can freely presume that adult females had worn adventitias and masterfully made pieces of jewelry such as broachs ( which were presumptively used to fix the adventitias ) . However, these material artifacts are non plenty for pulling any certain scientific decision about the E?fashionE? in the period before 43 AD. During the Roman business of Britain, the land was divided into states and the overall province of the common people was really hapless. Since this period was marked by changeless battle and conflict for endurance there was no British manner or manner of dressing we can discourse. Thus, I will jump this period in my paper. I will take you to the journey through the history of British manner from the mediaeval period to modern manner tendencies and the greatest manner houses. Bear in head that during each century manner changed from decennary to decennary and it is non possible to include everything so this paper will concentrate merely on the most outstanding features of manner in the given period. Medieval and Renaissance manner The basic medieval vesture consisted of adventitias with long arms and linen skirts for a adult male around 1050. Women wore similar adventitias but longer and were obliged to cover hair with a goon. Although, manner changed easy through the in-between age we can separate several chief ways of dressing. Hundred old ages subsequently, nil changed significantly for adult females whereas work forces added pointed chapeaus and legings into their garments. Around 1250 loose cloaks and shorter arms for both work forces and adult females came into manner. At a same clip, loose gowns with arms cut at two sides became really popular ( these sorts of gowns are still popular today being the E?ancestorsE? of modern formal gowns and dance frocks ) . In 14Thursdaycentury adult females braided hair into a roll and a henin was worn by the aristocracy. The henin was a chapeau or hair dress more exactly in the form of cone with head coverings. These were normally expensive and represented a mark of aristocracy and aristocracy. Work force wore pointed places called crackowes or poulaines and the arrow they were the richer was the proprietor. From 1430 onwards the appareled and male garments became richer and richer ; stuffs were rich, heavy and embroidered many of them imported from Italy and Flanders. Sleeves were given funnel form and were lined with pelt while the front portion of a frock was normally pinned back to let a lady easier walking. When the Renaissance reached its extremum, work forces were normally dressed in the E?Italian FashionE? manner which meant have oning tight apparels such as doublet and hosieries. Work forces had long loose gowns hanging over their shoulders and those gowns were cut unfastened in order to demo contrastive facings. British manner during 16Thursdayand 17Thursdaycentury The manner of the Tudor?s tribunal was characterized by a low waist and a high neckline. During the reign of Henry VIII, the Italian manner was still outstanding and work forces wore over-grown short gowns with skirts, tight hosieries. Approximately around 1520 full upper arms became popular. Women?s apparels did non alter significantly until the accession of Queen Elisabeth I. The twelvemonth 1600 saw the rise of Spanish manner. Men wore cushioned doublet and short knee pantss making the waist. The E?Spanish cloakE? was obligatory portion of vesture for royalty and aristocracy. It was made of heavy, rich stuff and was heavy embroidered. Nowadays, it is believed that sir Walter Raleigh through this sort of coat in the clay in order to protect Queen Elisabeth I from stepping into it. Queen Elisabeth dictated manner tendencies from her accession to the throne until approximately 1634, 31 old ages after her decease. She introduced long, stiff bodices and skirts of frocks were supported by farthingales and boulsters. Sleeves were broad and neckline was low cut in a specific manner in order to border the face. Caps were no longer worn ; hair was worn high with threads and plumes. In the in-between 17Thursdaycentury, the Dutch manner was popular. Work force wore unstiffened jacket and broad loose knee pantss ( similar to a musketeers? manner in France ) . Female apparels still involved stiff bodices while the long rich skirts were cut unfastened. False coil were added to hair beside threads. In the late 17Thursdaycentury, the manner of Gallic tribunals became outstanding. An over-gown was worn over the stiff girdle but was pinned back and gathered behind the waist in order to demo embroidered half-slip. British manner during 18Thursdayand 19Thursdaycentury From the beginning to the center of the 18Thursday,gentlemen wore tight knee pantss fastened above the articulatio genus and field tightly suiting coats which formed curvy dress suits at the terminals. Men wore their ain hair, but the formal occasions they were expected to have on white powdery wigs. Ladies wore long heavy frocks dwelling of stiff bodices and several beds of petticoats. Wing-like arms were introduced and frocks were made of silk and heavy brocaded stuffs. Towards the terminal of the 17Thursdaycentury, dresses became simpler due to the strong influence of the countryside manner. It is called redingote or a riding coat –the waist of a frock become shorter and a false hindquarters was added. Silk was worn merely in the eventides and formal occasions while the mundane frocks were made of wool, linen and cotton. At the beginning of the 18Thursdaycentury, the involvement in ancient Greece and Rome woke once more, particularly in the ancient manner. Dresses consisted of merely one half-slip with high waist. Long baseball mitts every bit good as muslin entered the manner. The girdle ( bodice ) left the manner scene and light stuffs were used. Gentlemen wore dark fitted suits dwelling of a cloth coat with buttons plain vests. Breechess were replaced by a Pantaloons and a hessian siting boots became popular. George Brummell brought to manner a formal suit with a necktie which is still worn all over the universe on formal occasions. The manner of this epoch is exactly portrayed in the BBC version of the fresh E?Pride and PrejudiceE? starring Colin Firth and Jennifer Ehle. The manner of 20thcentury The line of a frock changed since the accent was put on the shoulders and waist. Sleeves were puffed and skirts were long and fluxing. Hats were ever worn by ladies. The involvement in leather pocketbooks revived. [ 2 ] Evening dressed were low cut and made of alien stuff. Everything alien became popular-from stuff to make-up and hairdos. Hair was loose, curly and bob hairdo was popular. In 1947 Christian Dior presented the E?New LookE? which involved fitted jacket with nipped waist and full calf-length skirt. Mary Quant introduced short mini-dresses and skirts ( 6-7 inches above the articulatio genus ) . The manner was shaped by Gallic interior decorators such as Dior and Gabriele E?CocoE? Chanel who brought denims, tanned tegument and expensive gustatory sensation to the manner universe. The 50s saw the rise of theoretical accounts such as Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton. Clothes were used to demo societal position. Vivienne Westwood claim celebrity as the interior decorator during 70s a nd today. The 80s were a decennary of degeneracy with large hair and large puffed shoulders. In general, manner of the 20Thursdaycentury put speech pattern on female organic structure ( frocks became tighter following slender figure ) , make-up and hair, or as you wish-beauty in general. Modern manner in Britain is extremely influenced by the royal household, exactly, the Duchess of Cambridge Kate Middleton. Womans throughout England are seeking to copy her simple yet elegant and authoritative manner. Beside the royalty, theoretical accounts such as Kate Moss, who is considered British manner icon, represent manner function theoretical accounts to about all coevalss. Although Britain is non as rich in the being of influential manner houses as France, it still maintains high topographic point in the universe manner industry with aid of two most celebrated brands/houses-Burberry and Mulberry. Burberry Young Thomas Burberry was the laminitis of the trade name in 1856. He introduced water-repellent cloth which is called gabardine. Soon, the trade name started utilizing the name Burberrys which still can be seen on some older merchandises. In 1901, the company adopted celebrated E?Equestrian KnightE? as its logo. During the Second World War, the company was given the undertaking to alter and accommodate officers? uniforms to the rough conditions of war on unfastened field. As a consequence, the celebrated Burberry trench coat was developed. Interestingly, it is still worn today enduring merely minor alterations and is the hallmark of this trade name. In 1998, the company switched to utilizing the name Burberry once more. Modern Burberry has three trade names or subdivisions under its umbrella: Burberry Prorsum which is the basic line, Burberry London which produces concern outfits and Burberry Brit which is targeted at younger coevalss. The originative manager is Christopher Bailey. Mulberry Roger Saul and his female parent were the laminitiss of this manner house. The trade name is largely known for its leather bags, off-the-rack aggregations of vesture and accoutrements. Current CEO is Chris Roberts. In 2006, the company started the apprenticeship programmes in order to promote immature interior decorators and to supply employment for the local people. The learners are offered occupations once they finish the programme. The current interior decorator is Emma Hill who came to Mulberry in 2007. She is responsible for doing the trade name internationally celebrated and successful. However, in 2013, the trade name announced that Mrs Hill was go forthing the company in 2014. As a consequence, monetary value of portion stocks fell. In malice of this impermanent crisis, the trade name has many celebrated clients, most noteworthy of them being the Duchess of Cambridge. The rise of Britain as a manner power force decidedly started in the seventiess with the visual aspect of Vivienne Westwood who brought hood into the manner. Since so, the British manner scene saw many gifted interior decorators who helped Britain to remain among the top four. The most of import of them are John Galliano, Jenny Peckham, and Alice Temperley. Vivienne Westwood is the manner interior decorator who foremost became for planing apparels for McLaren and hood set Sex Pistols. Her first track show was held 1981 and the subject was the Pirates. When planing apparels, she likes to utilize traditional Scottish design, old cutting techniques from 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycentury. Her designs vary from hood apparels, places, chapeaus to sole eventide gowns. Her designs were featured in the E?Sex and the CityE? movie. Although she was invited to take part in the costume designing, Westwood was dissatisfied with the chosen designs and the manner these were presented in the movie. As a consequence, she left London movie premiere and harshly criticized the costumes. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire. Jenny Peckham is most known for her nuptial aggregations, flushing gowns and off-the-rack outfits. In 2008, she launched bridal accessorize to follow her nuptials frocks. From 2010, her manner shows became lasting portion of the programme of New York Fashion Week. Alice Temperley designs for her manner house Temperley London founded in 2010. She puts accent on quality silk stuffs and her couture gowns are hand-made. In 2011, her Royal Majesty Queen of England appointed Temperley Member of the Order of the British Empire. Mentions Fukai, A. ( 2006 ) .Manner: a history from the 18th to the twentieth century. New York: Barnes & A ; Baronial Pub.Hart, A. and S. North ( 2009 ) .17th & A ; eighteenth Century Fashion Detail Fashion in Detail.London: V & A ; A PublicationHouston, Mary G. ( 1996 ) .Medieval Costume in England and France: The 13th, 14th and 15th Centuries. New York: Dover Publications, IncKlepper, E. ( 1999 ) .Costume through the Ages: Over 1400 Illustrations. New York: Dover Publications, IncLaver, J. and C. Probert ( 1983 ) .Costume and Fashion: A Concise History. Oxford: Oxford University PressPalomo-Lovinski, N. ( 2010 ) .The World ‘s Most Influential Manner Interior designers. London: A & A ; C Black PublishersPeacock, J. ( 2006 ) .Costume: 1066 to the Present. New York: Thames & A ; HudsonScott, M. ( 2011 ) .Manner in Middle Ages. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty MuseumWatt, J. ( 2012 ) .Manner The Ultimate Book of Costume and Style. London: Dorling KindersleyWerle, S. ( 2010 ) .50 Manner Interio r designers You Should Know. Muenchen: Prestel PrintingWilcox, C. and V. Mendes ( 2009 ) .Twentieth Century Fashion in Detail. London: V & A ; A PublicationBurberry. Burberry London. ( 08 February, 2014 ) & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //burberryplc.com/about_burberry & gt ;Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. ( 08 February, 2014 ) & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_ ( company )1

A typical Victorian family Essay

â€Å"We don’t live alone. We are all members of one body. We are responsible for each other. † What is Priestley’s main aim in ‘An Inspector Calls? ‘ How successful was he? It year was 1945 when J. B Priestley created his masterpiece, An Inspector Calls. He set the play in 1912 like a typical Victorian family, the male of the family ruling the rest. He intended the play to be viewed by all but I don’t think he expected it to still be played today. The play has a very important message inside. I think the message is that we have to be careful in what we say to others because without us knowing, we could have a negative impact on whoever it is directed to. The play is designed like a detective style. It has the Inspector interrogating the suspects to try and piece together the clues into the suicide of Eva Smith. As well as the play being educational, Priestley made it entertaining so more people would watch the play closely than if it was just educational. Also more people, I think, would go and read it. Every one of us has an individual role into the way we live. We could choose to ignore the wellbeing of each other and bully every one or we could choose to live in peace with every one and live in peace with them. Society is an important thing. Without order, we could all live in fear as many people try to rule our life. When we are in PSD, our teachers are trying to educate us the important rule of respecting each other and their things. Their things could be anything from their cars to their bodies. We need to treat them as we would like to be treated back. We have all got responsibility to respect each other as we would like to be respected. The Characters involved in the play are: Mr Arthur Birling, Mrs Sybil Birling, Miss Sheila Birling, Master Eric Birling, Mr Gerald Croft, Inspector Goole and Miss Eva Smith Mr Arthur Birling in the play is described as being an arrogant, stubborn man. His view of what had happened to Eva in the play is like he wasn’t interested that a fellow human had died from what he had done. He was more bothered about how he thought the people of Brumley would think of him if they saw the Inspector talk to him about a suicide. He tried, several times in the play, to discourage the Inspector blaming him by saying that he was the Lord Mayor of Brumley or that he is the owner of the company Birling and Co. â€Å"Well I only did what any employer might have done. † I put this in because it shows that Mr Birling is only interested in his business and he’s not interested in any of the workers.

Nano Robots Essay

ABSTRACT: Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10−9 meters). More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely hypothetical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components. As no artificial non-biological Nanorobots have yet been created, they remain a hypothetical concept. The names nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites have also been used to describe these hypothetical devices. INTRODUCTION: There are pressing needs in biological research today: the cost of getting new drugs to market is estimated to be 1$ billion by 2015, time to market has increased and failure rates remain shockingly high. Illnesses such as cancer,neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases continue to ravage people around the world. The broad field of nanomedicine seeks to address many of these needs in biology, creating the not so quite as broad discipline of nanobiotechnology. In the last decade, progress in developing nano sized hybrid therapeutics and drug delivery systems has been remarkable. These nanoscale and often multicomponent constructs can be seen as the first nanomedicines, already bringing clinical benefits. A good flow of related technologies is also in development. But are these ‘Nanomedicines’ really new? The educated answer is ‘not really’. The concepts of antibody-conjugates, liposomes and polymer-conjugates stem from the 1970s. At first, they were seen as competing technologies; only one would emerge as a ‘magic bullet’ for all drugtargeting applications. But each has advantages and disadvantages. Antibodies have exquisite potential for selective targeting but, even as humanized proteins, can be immunogenic. Liposomes have high drug-carrying capacity, but can either release drug too quickly or entrap it too strongly and are prone to capture by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), even when polymer coated. Similarly, it is  hard to steer nanoparticles away from the RES after intravenous injection. The ideal delivery system often merges benefits of two or more technologies. As we mark the birth of nanomedicine, it is worth reflecting on the revolution it could bring to healthcare. It is essential that benefits of genomics and proteomics research and advances in drug delivery, are quickly harnessed to realize improvements in diagnosis and therapy. Nanotechnology is already making a key contribution, but this is just the start. There are opportunities to design nanosized, bioresponsive systems able to diagnose and then deliver drugs (theranostics), and systems able to promote tissue regeneration and repair (in disease, trauma and ageing), circumventing chemotherapy. These ideas may seem like science fiction, but to dismiss them would be foolish. Risks and benefits must be addressed carefully to yield useful and safe technologies. An interdisciplinary approach will ensure that the exciting potential of nano medicine’s many facets will be a practical reality in the foreseeable future. The tightly-integrated interdisciplinary team of medical researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, physicists, chemists, and chemical engineers, has an extensive range of expertise to facilitate research on nanomedicine.The long term goal is the development of novel and revolutionary bio molecular machine components that can be assembled and form multi-degree-offreedom nanodevices that will apply forces and manipulate objects in the nanoworld, transfer information from the nano to the macro world, and travel in the nanoenvironment. These machines are expected to be highly efficient, controllable, economical in mass production, and fully operational with minimal supervision. These ultraminiature robotic systems and nano-mechanical devices will be the biomolecular electro-mechanical hardware of future biomedical applications(IGERT). NANOROBOTS: WHAT ARE THEY? Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers (1nm equals one millionth of 1 millimeter). When fully realized from the hypothetical stage, they would work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to perform tasks in both the medical and industrial fields that have heretofore been the stuff of science fiction. Nanomedicine’s nanorobots are so tiny that they can easily traverse the human body.  Scientists report the exterior of a nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoid structure because of its inert properties and strength. Super-smooth surfaces will lessen the likelihood of triggering the body’s immune system, allowing the nanorobots to go about their business unimpeded. Glucose or natural body sugars and oxygen might be a source for propulsion and the nanorobot will have other biochemical or molecular parts depending on its task. Nanomachines are largely in the researchand-development phase [1], but some primitive molecular machines have been tested. An example is a sensor having a switch approximately . DISADVANTAGES †¢ The initial design cost is very high. †¢ The design of the nanorobot is a very complicated one. †¢ Electrical systems can create stray fields which may activate bioelectric-based molecular recognition systems in biology. †¢ Electrical nanorobots are susceptible to electrical interference from external sources such as rf or electric fields, EMP pulses, and stray fields from other in vivo electrical devices. †¢ Hard to Interface, Customize and Design, Complex †¢ Nanorobots can cause a brutal risk in the field of terrorism. The terrorism and anti groups can make use of nanorobots as a new form of torturing the communities as nanotechnology also has the capability of destructing the human body at the molecular level. †¢ Privacy is the other potential risk involved with Nanorobots. As Nanorobots deals with the designing of compact and minute devices, there are chances for more eavesdropping than that already exists. Nanotechnology as a diagnostic and treatment tool for patients with cancer and diabetes showed how actual developments in new manufacturing technologies are enabling innovative works which may help in constructing and employing nanorobots most effectively for biomedical problems. Nanorobots applied to medicine hold a wealth of promise from eradicating disease to reversing the aging process (wrinkles, loss of bone mass and age-related conditions are all treatable at the cellular level); nanorobots are also candidates for industrial applications. They will provide personalised treatments with improved efficacy and reduced side  effects that are not available today. They will provide combined action– drugs marketed with diagnostics, imaging agents acting as drugs, surgery with instant diagnostic feedback. The advent of molecular nanotechnology will again expand enormously the effectiveness, comfort and speed of future medical treatments while at the same time significantly reducing their risk, cost, and invasiveness. This science might sound like a fiction now, but Nanorobotics has strong potential to revolutionize healthcare, to treat disease in future. It opens up new ways for vast, abundant research work. Nanotechnology will change health care and human life more profoundly than other developments.Consequently they will change the shape of the industry, broadening the product development and marketing interactions between Pharma, Biotech, Diagnostic and Healthcare industries. Future healthcare will make use of sensitive new diagnostics for an improved personal risk assessment. Highest impact can be expected if those major diseases are addressed first, which impose the highest burden on the aging population: cardiovascular diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal conditions, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, diabetes, and viral infections. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences Nanomedicine holds the promise to lead to an earlier diagnosis, better therapy and improved follow up care, making the health care more effective and affordable. Nanomedicine will also allow a more personalised treatment for many diseases, exploiting the in-depth understanding of diseases on a molecular level. CONCLUSION: Nanotechnology as a diagnostic and treatment tool for patients with cancer and diabetes showed how actual developments in new manufacturing technologies are enabling innovative works which may help in constructing and employing nanorobots most effectively for biomedical problems. Nanorobots applied to medicine hold a wealth of promise from eradicating disease to reversing the aging process (wrinkles, loss of bone mass and age-related conditions are all treatable at the cellular level); nanorobots are also candidates for industrial applications. They will provide personalised treatments with improved efficacy and reduced side effects that  are not available today. They will provide combined action – drugs marketed with diagnostics, imaging agents acting as drugs, surgery with instant diagnostic feedback. The advent of molecular nanotechnology will again expand enormously the effectiveness, comfort and speed of future medical treatments while at the same time significantly reducing theirrisk, cost, and invasiveness. This science might sound like a fiction now, but Nanorobotics has strong potential to revolutionize healthcare, to treat disease in future. It opens up new ways for vast, abundant research work. Nanotechnology will change health care and human life more profoundly han other developments. Consequently they will change the shape of the industry, broadening the product development and marketing interactions between Pharma, Biotech, Diagnostic and Healthcare industries. Future healthcare will make use of sensitive new diagnostics for an improved personal risk assessment.

Annie’s Homegrown Video case questions and answers Essay

1) Annie knew what she wanted and had the willingness and determination to see it through. a) Annie’s person characteristics of being health conscious, willing to take chances and focusing on no only her wants and needs, but also the wants and needs of others has helped shape the success of her business. 2) The company evolved into a multimillion dollar leader in the natural organic food industry by identifying the markets and then focused on the top ten markets. In those markets Annie’s company focused on the products attributes, being realistic and willing to take chances while maintaining a high loyalty to its existing customers. In 1998 capital infusion from Consorzio and Fantastic Foods help fuel growth in Annie’s business. Consumer satisfaction and brand awareness helped get the attention of another investor Solara Capital LLC in 2002. These investors where looking to enter into the organic food market and by investing in Annie’s company they helped the growth of Annie’s business as well. So with the help from loyal customers and investors Annie’s business was able to grow. a) I think that the only growth strategies would be focusing on what the consumer wants and finding ways to provide that. The only other thing that I can see would be trying to get more product placement in stores that they are currently not in. 3) The web site has many unique feature like: a) Spreading the goodness – finding out what’s new at Annie’s. b) Taste Our Products – give a list of products with descriptions and pictures. c) Recipes and fun tab – recipes and a kids club and a way to get free stuff d) The website its self is very unique and lively, a pleasant site to visit. 4) The web site promote Annie’s mission by having it right on the home screen of the web site. It also promotes her mission be everything that is on each page of the web site, from products to articles to recipes.

Audit Sampling Case Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Audit Sampling Case Memo - Essay Example : (1) the existence of the inventory; (2) the rights or obligations of inventory; (3) the completeness of the inventory as stated in the balance sheet; (4) the valuation of inventory on hand, and whether it is presented according to GAAP along with (5) the presentation or disclosure of inventories in the financial statements (Whittington & Pany, 2006). RF= the reliability factor for the specified risk of incorrect acceptance. This is taken from figure 13-5 in Boynton & Johnson (2010), and for a risk of incorrect acceptance of 37% as listed, the reliability factor is 1.0. EF= the expansion factor for anticipated misstatement. This is obtained from figure 13-6 in Boynton & Johnson (2010). With a risk of incorrect acceptance at 37%, the expansion factor is given as 1.15. In Boynton & Johnson (2010), the risk of incorrect acceptance is listed at 37%. There are scenarios that would explain why 37% is chosen instead of higher or lower percentages. An important element mentioned by Whittington & Pany (2006) is the level of overall audit risk. Audit risk is based on the following formula: Audit risk (AR) is the overall allowable audit risk that a material misstatement will remain undetected. Inherent risk (IR) is a risk of a material misstatement in the financial statements, assuming a company had no internal controls. Control risk (CR) is the risk that a material misstatement could occur in an assertion and will not be detected by internal control. Detection risk (DR) is the risk that the auditors’ substantive testing will not find a material misstatement (Whittington & Pany, 2006). The setting of the risk of incorrect acceptance at 37% is not an exact science. If circumstances arise where auditors place inherent risk and control risk at high levels, and do not engage in other tests of the balance assertion, then the risk of incorrect acceptance would have to be set at a low level. However if a decrease in inherent risk or control risk occurs, then a